^{October 2022 Abstracts}

 

 

Gingival health effects with an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations and a novel brush head designed for stain control: Results from a 12-week randomized controlled trial

 

Julie Grender, phd,  C. Ram Goyal, dds,  Jimmy Qaqish, bsc,  Hans Timm, phd  &  Ralf Adam, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the reduction of plaque and gingivitis by an oscillating-rotating (O-R) smart-connected electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations used with a novel brush head designed for stain control versus a manual toothbrush. Methods: 100 adult subjects with evidence of gingivitis and plaque were enrolled in this single-center, examiner-blind, two-treatment, parallel-group, controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to either the O-R toothbrush used in whitening mode (Oral-B iO with Radiant White brush head) or the manual toothbrush (Oral-B Indicator). Subjects brushed twice daily with their assigned toothbrush and a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice. At baseline, week 1, and week 12, gingivitis was assessed with the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and plaque was assessed with the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI). Gingival case status was classified as “healthy” (< 10% bleeding sites) or “not healthy” (> 10% bleeding sites) according to the standard of the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology. Results: All 100 subjects who were randomized to treatment completed the study. At baseline, the gingival case status for all subjects was classified as “not healthy”. By week 12, 86% of subjects in the O-R brush group had transitioned to a “healthy” case status, in contrast to 20% of subjects in the manual toothbrush group (P< 0.001). The reduction in the adjusted mean number of bleeding sites from baseline was greater for the O-R brush group than for the manual brush group [at week 12, by 24.5 (74.6%) vs. by 7.8 (23.7%), respectively; P< 0.001]. Reductions for adjusted mean MGI and GBI scores were likewise statistically significantly greater for the O-R brush group relative to those of the manual brush group (P< 0.001). The O-R brush also provided greater relative reductions in adjusted mean whole mouth, gingival margin and approximal RMNPI scores at week 12 (P< 0.001), and plaque was similarly reduced in the lingual and buccal subregions (P< 0.001). Significant between-group plaque reductions favoring the O-R brush were observed for all regions as early as first use (P< 0.001). (Am J Dent 2022;35:219-226).

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Julie Grender, Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason, OH, USA 45040. E-mail: grender.jm@pg.com

 

 

Effect of pressure during curing placement technique on bond strength of resin composite to human dentin

 

Frank T. Dalton, dmd, Hoda S. Ismail, bds, msd  &  Franklin Garcia-Godoy, dds, ms, phd, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effect of pressure during curing on resin composite bond strength to dentin using a self-etch bonding protocol. Methods: 20 human teeth were cut to the mid-coronal dentin and received a standardized smear layer. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned to the following two groups (n= 10/group): (1) without pressure during curing (control) or (2) with pressure during curing. Teeth in the control group received a 4 mm-thick buildup of a nanohybrid resin composite in two separately cured increments, adapted using a composite placement instrument, and bonded with a universal adhesive, while teeth in the treatment group were restored with the same adhesive and resin composite but a plexiglass pressure cylinder was used to apply pressure while each increment was cured. Each group was further divided into two subgroups, one of which was sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing after 24 hours (immediate samples; n= 5), while the other was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles (TC; n= 5) prior to sectioning and μTBS testing. The resulting failure patterns were assessed under a stereomicroscope. In addition, one representative specimen from each subgroup was subjected to qualitative microscopic morphological analysis of the internal restoration/dentin interface. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and values with P< 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: After TC, the group cured with pressure exhibited significantly higher μTBS values than did the control (P< 0.05), although TC had a detrimental effect on all μTBS values. Microscopic examination revealed that the control specimens had more voids in the resin composite part, relative to specimens that were under pressure during the curing process. (Am J Dent 2022;35:227-232).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Frank T. Dalton, Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, USA.  E-mail: fdalton@uthsc.edu

 

 

Efficacy of two dosages of dexamethasone administered by submucosal injection on postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery: A retrospective study

 

Michele Vasselli, dds, msc,  Alvise Camurri Piloni, dds, msc,  Christian Greco, dds, msc, Davide Porrelli, phd, msc,  Lorenzo Bevilacqua, dds, msc  &  Michele Maglione, md, msc

 

Abstract: Purpose: A retrospective clinical study was performed to compare the post-operative sequelae of the submucosal administration of two different low dosages of dexamethasone, after the surgical extraction of lower third molars. Methods: Data regarding edema, trismus, pain and analgesic consumption were collected from 150 subjects, selecting three equal groups (n= 50): a control group with no administered dexamethasone (G1); submucosal injection of dexamethasone 2 mg/0.5 ml (G2) and submucosal injection of dexamethasone 4 mg/1 ml (G3). Collected data were evaluated at three different time points: T₀ before surgery, T₁ on the third day after surgery and T₂ on the 7^th day after surgery. Patients’ gender and age were also considered for statistical purposes. Results: The effects on facial swelling reduction were statistically significant in G2 at T₁ in the male subgroup. With trismus, the differences between the time points considered were statistically significant in G2 in the subgroup of subjects younger than 25 years old. Differences in analgesics taken were statistically significant when G1 and G2 were compared at T₁. (Am J Dent 2022;35:233-237).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Davide Porrelli, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy.  E-mail: dporrelli@units.it

 

 

Influence of brushing with antiseptic soap solution on the surface and biological properties of an acrylic denture base resin

 

Beatriz Ribeiro Ribas, dds, msc,  Camilla Olga Tasso, dds, msc,  Túlio Morandin Ferrisse, dds, msc, phd &  Janaina Habib Jorge, dds, msc, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the influence of brushing with specific antiseptic soap solution on the surface (roughness, hardness, and color stability) and biological properties of a specific heat-polymerized denture base resin. Methods: 189 denture base acrylic resin specimens (10 mm × 1.2 mm) were made and distributed into three groups: sodium hypochlorite 0.5% (SH), Lifebuoy solution 0.78% (LS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and were submitted to the brushing cycle for 10 seconds. For each property assessed the sample size was composed of nine specimens. Roughness, hardness, and color stability were assessed before and after the cycle. For the biological properties (biofilm formation and reduction capacity) the colony forming unit and Alamar Blue assays were performed. For this, the specimens were placed separately in a 24-well plate with medium containing C. albicans. The plate was incubated for 48 hours for the formation of mature biofilm. The data were submitted to two-factor ANOVA (roughness and hardness) and one-way ANOVA (color stability and biological properties) and Tukey's post-test (α= 0.05). Results: The Lifebuoy group did not present a statistical difference (P> 0.05) in relation to the other groups for the evaluated surface properties (roughness, hardness, and color stability). Also, from the colony-formation unit and Alamar Blue assays, there was no statistical difference (P> 0.05) between the groups. Regarding biofilm reduction capacity formed on the samples, the results obtained from the count of colony forming units (CFU/mL) showed a reduction of approximately 1.3 logs in the number of CFU/mL in the Lifebuoy group (µ = 4.78 log¹⁰) compared to the negative control group (µ = 6.02 log¹⁰) (P< 0.05). When evaluating the cellular metabolism of C. albicans cells, the experimental group did not show any statistical difference compared to controls (P> 0.05). Brushing with Lifebuoy soap solution did not alter the surface properties of the acrylic resin, and reduced the C. albicans biofilm. (Am J Dent 2022;35:238-244).

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Janaina Habib Jorge, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680 Centro, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. E-mail: habib.jorge@unesp.br

 

 

Bond strength of zirconia ceramics applied with a pH-cycling model and different repair methods

 

Esma Balin, dds, phd,   Gül Dinc Ata, dds, phd  &  Baykal Yilmaz, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the shear bond strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics based on the type of surface treatment, repair kit, and aging method used. Methods: YSZ ceramic blocks (N = 120) measuring 6 mm ´ 8 mm ´ 8 mm were randomly and equally divided into three groups for different surface treatments: (a) surface treatments recommended by the manufacturer (control), (b) air abrasion, and (c) Er:YAG laser. After surface treatment, either the Cimara intraoral ceramic repair kit or the Bisco intraoral repair kit were used on the samples. A resin composite was incrementally applied to the treated surfaces and light cured. Repaired samples were aged using either thermocycling or pH cycling. A shear bond strength test was conducted on all samples, and failure patterns were examined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Bonferroni corrected paired comparison tests. Results: Interactions were found between aging methods, surface treatments, and repair kits, as well as between repair kits and surface treatments (P< 0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference in bond strength values between the air abrasion and control groups in the thermal cycle (P= 0.053) and pH cycle (P= 0.104) for the Cimara repair kit, the bond strength values of the Er:YAG laser groups were statistically significant (P< 0.001). For the Bisco intraoral repair kit, there was a statistically significant difference in bond strength values between surface treatments in both aging methods (P< 0.001). All groups showed 100% adhesive failure. (Am J Dent 2022;35:245-250).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Gül Dinc Ata, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, TR 16059, Turkey. E-mail: dtguldinc@gmail.com.

 

 

Impact of type of bonding agent on adhesion of CAD-CAM denture bases and teeth manufactured using different techniques: A preliminary study

 

Corentin Denis, dds, msc,  Adam Abed, Feng Chai, dds, msc, phd,  Jérôme Vandomme, dds, msc, phd &  Marion Dehurtevent, dds, msc, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate two agents for bonding denture bases and teeth manufactured either by stereolithography (SLA) or by the subtractive mixed technique. Methods: Two types of cylinders [small for the tooth resin and large for the base resin) were designed using CAD software according to the ANSI/ADA 15-2008 (R2013)] specification. For SLA manufacturing, 30 small cylinders were shaped with Denture Teeth resin and 30 large cylinders with Denture Base resin. For the mixed technique, 30 large cylinders were manufactured by SLA with V-print dentbase resin, and 30 small cylinders were milled with a CediTEC DT disk. Half the specimens were bonded with liquid Denture Base resin and half with CediTEC Primer and Adhesive, according to the manufacturers’ protocols. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The failure mode was noted for all the specimens. Results: The shear bond strength values were not significantly different between the groups (P> 0.05). Specimens bonded with liquid Denture Base resin displayed cohesive failure (P> 0.05, χ²= 0). Of the specimens bonded with CediTEC Primer and Adhesive, cohesive failures were observed with five specimens manufactured with the SLA technique and one specimen manufactured with the mixed technique (P> 0.05, χ²= 3.33). The Chi-square test results were significant between groups with different bonding agents regardless of the technique used (P< 0.001). Within the limitations of the present study, even if the shear bond strength values were similar, the failure mode analysis suggests that the uncured liquid Denture Base resin may be more effective than the CediTEC Primer and Adhesive for bonding denture bases and teeth manufactured either by SLA or the mixed technique. (Am J Dent 2022;35:251-254).

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Marion Dehurtevent, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Lille, Lille, France. E-mail: marion.dehurtevent@univ-lille.fr

 

 

Effect of unfiltered cigarettes on marginal bone loss of dental implants: A single center 4-year retrospective clinical study

 

Abdulsamet Tanik, dds, phd  &  Fatih Demirci, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: This retrospective clinical study evaluated, by radiographic analysis, the effect of unfiltered and filtered tobacco cigarette smoking on marginal bone loss (MBL) in the subjects with dental implants. Methods: In a 4-year retrospective clinical study, 419 dental implants were placed in 188 subjects aged 23-76 years who underwent implant-supported fixed prosthetic restorations. The effects of gender, implant length, implant diameter, implant location, and use of unfiltered and filtered tobacco cigarettes on marginal bone were investigated. MBL was analyzed on the mean, mesial, and distal surfaces of dental implants on periapical radiographs. The results of the data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: A significant correlation was found between MBL difference and gender, implant length, and implant location (P< 0.05). Smokers had significantly higher MBL than nonsmokers, both within and between groups (P< 0.05). There was a significant difference in MBL in the mesial region in unfiltered cigarette smokers compared to filtered cigarette smokers (P= 0.013). There was a significant increase in MBL in the mesial and distal region compared to heavy smokers of cigarettes without filters (>20 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers of cigarettes with filters (>20 cigarettes/day) (P< 0.05). (Am J Dent 2022;35:255-262).

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr Abdulsamet Tanik, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman 44280, Turkey. E-mail: samet.120a@gmail.com

 

 

Autofluorescence spectra and image to differentiate restorative dental resins from the tooth

 

Seung-Yong Song, dds, ms, Jeong-Kil Park, dds, ms, phd, Yong Hoon Kwon, phd &  Franklin Garcia-Godoy, dds, ms, phd, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the autofluorescence (AF) spectra of resin products with teeth to determine if this type of non-invasive testing is feasible for differentiating resin products from teeth during resin repair. Methods: For the study, 11 methacrylate-based resin products were chosen. A 405 nm laser was used to induce AF, and a spectrophotometer and a qualitative laser-induced fluorescence (QLF) camera were used to obtain AF spectra and images, respectively. Results: Resin products and teeth showed one or two emission peak(s) at 435-465 nm and 475-480 nm, respectively. Other resin constituents produced weak emission peaks beyond the 435-475 nm range. Resin products with high emission intensities produced bright images. When layered, surface resins (0.2 mm-thick) were different from underlying base resins and teeth. (Am J Dent 2022;35:263-267).

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.  E-mail: fgarciagodoy@gmail.com

 

 

Evaluation of microbial air quality and aerosol distribution in a large dental clinic

 

Montry S. Suprono, dds, msd,   Roberto Savignano, ms, phd,   John B. Won, dds, ms,  Stan Lillard,   Zhe Zhong, dds, phd,  Abu Ahmed, ms, phd,  Gina Roque-Torres, dds, msc, phd,  Wu Zhang, md,   Udochukwu Oyoyo, mph,   Paul Richardson, dds, med,  Joseph Caruso, dds, ms, mph,   Robert Handysides, dds  &  Yiming Li, dds, msd, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the microbial air quality during dental clinical procedures in a large clinical setting with increasing patient capacity. Methods: This was a single-center, observational study design evaluating the microbial air quality and aerosol distribution during normal clinical sessions at 5% (sessions 1 and 2) and at > 50% (session 3) treatment capacity of dental aerosol generating procedures. Sessions 1 and 2 were evaluated on the same day with a 30-minute fallow time between the sessions. Session 3 was evaluated on a separate day. For each session, passive air-sampling technique was performed for three collection periods: baseline, treatment, and post-treatment. Blood agar plates were collected and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Colonies were counted using an automatic colony counter. Mean colony forming units (CFU) per plate were converted to CFU/m²/h. Results: Kruskal Wallis test was performed to compare the mean CFU/m²/h between the clinic sessions. Statistically significant differences were observed between sessions 1 and 2 (P< 0.05), but not between sessions 2 and 3 (P> 0.05). Combining all clinical sessions, the mean CFU/m²/h were 977 (baseline), 873 (treatment), and 1,631 (post-treatment) for the collection periods. A decrease-to-increase CFU/m²/h trend was observed from baseline to treatment, and from treatment to post-treatment that was observed for all clinic sessions and was irrespective to treatment capacity. Higher amounts of CFU/m²/h were found near the air exhaust outlets for all three clinic sessions. Microbial aerosol distribution is most likely due to the positions and power levels of the air inlets and outlets, and to a lesser extent with patient treatment capacity. (Am J Dent 2022; 35:268-272).

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Montry Suprono, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 11175 Campus Street, A1010, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA. E-mail: msuprono@llu.edu